Visualized free surface deformation patterns from bump top to primary wave crest (a) Single bulge-scar pattern in case #1, (b) Multiple bulge-scar patterns in case #1, (c) Single bulge-scar pattern in case #2, (d) Multiple bulge-scar patterns in case #2.
Flume (30m x 0.91m x 0.45m)
- Free surface instability (Free surface, 2D-PIV, Borescopic-PIV)
- Plunging wave breaking span-wise structures
